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Seems the pretense is clarity: even researchers criticize it.
How is cheese not ultraprocessed? It’s acid & rennet or bacteria transforming milk significantly.
The Harvard article someone else linked to define ultraprocessed lists examples hotdogs, cold cuts, cakes.
Anyone can bake a cake from scratch. Anyone with a meat grinder can make sausages & mortadella traditionally. Without industry or a meat grinder, anyone can make hams or cured meats.
Is the hot sauce I make by passing peppers & garlic through a blender, then adding some salt, oil, vinegar processed?
Industry isn’t necessary, only kitchen ability. You’re making this about industry when the concept on examination is suspect.