Substitute common sense terms. If I say “if it is an apple, it is a fruit”, does it then follow that a thing is a fruit if and only if it is an apple? No. Lots of other things are fruit without being an apple.
If and only if is a biconditional. “b if and only if a” means “if b then a” AND “b only if a”. B only if A here means “It is an apple only if is a fruit”, in other words, “if it is a fruit, it could only be an apple.” Which ain’t right.
B -> A (if B, then A) (if apple, then fruit, correct)
B <-> A (B if and only if A) (if apple, then fruit, AND if fruit, then apple, incorrect).
“if and only if” is an unusual and sometimes confusing way to say it, but the words do directly imply the technical definition.
“it’s an apple if and only if it’s a fruit” literally means “it’s an apple if it’s a fruit” and “it’s an apple only if it’s a fruit”. You already seem to understand the 2nd part, so no need to explain that.
The first part is a bit confusing because the words are in the reverse order compared to how people normally talk. “it’s an apple if it’s a fruit” means the same thing as “if it’s a fruit, then it’s an apple”. Clearly “if it’s a fruit, then it’s an apple” is not a true statement, because there are plenty of other fruits apart from apples.
I agree, if and only if trips me up too and it doesn’t fit perfectly into this logic formula. A thing is only an apple if and only if it is a fruit makes sense if you read it in a common sense way.
If B then A is the same as if X then Y is the same as if A then B. They are saying it’s the same as the OP. Changing the letters around doesn’t change the meaning since the letters are just placeholders.
Now if you said If A then B AND If B then A as one it wouldn’t be the same because A and B would have to keep the same meaning.
Yeah if vs iff can be confusing at first. Trying to understand it with normal grammar doesn’t work right. It’s a lot more helpful to grok the symbols and so the truth tables by hand to see how they fit together
No
Is “If B then A” equal to “B if and only if A”?
Also no.
Thanks. Could you possibly elaborate? Why are they not equal?
Substitute common sense terms. If I say “if it is an apple, it is a fruit”, does it then follow that a thing is a fruit if and only if it is an apple? No. Lots of other things are fruit without being an apple.
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If and only if is a biconditional. “b if and only if a” means “if b then a” AND “b only if a”. B only if A here means “It is an apple only if is a fruit”, in other words, “if it is a fruit, it could only be an apple.” Which ain’t right.
B -> A (if B, then A) (if apple, then fruit, correct)
B <-> A (B if and only if A) (if apple, then fruit, AND if fruit, then apple, incorrect).
Removed by mod
“if and only if” is an unusual and sometimes confusing way to say it, but the words do directly imply the technical definition.
“it’s an apple if and only if it’s a fruit” literally means “it’s an apple if it’s a fruit” and “it’s an apple only if it’s a fruit”. You already seem to understand the 2nd part, so no need to explain that.
The first part is a bit confusing because the words are in the reverse order compared to how people normally talk. “it’s an apple if it’s a fruit” means the same thing as “if it’s a fruit, then it’s an apple”. Clearly “if it’s a fruit, then it’s an apple” is not a true statement, because there are plenty of other fruits apart from apples.
I agree, if and only if trips me up too and it doesn’t fit perfectly into this logic formula. A thing is only an apple if and only if it is a fruit makes sense if you read it in a common sense way.
No. They are effectively the same statement.
(A <=> B ) = (A=>B AND B=> A)
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If B then A is the same as if X then Y is the same as if A then B. They are saying it’s the same as the OP. Changing the letters around doesn’t change the meaning since the letters are just placeholders.
Now if you said If A then B AND If B then A as one it wouldn’t be the same because A and B would have to keep the same meaning.
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I mean it is the definition of “if and only if”. And by commutativity we also know that A iff B is equal to B iff A
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Yeah if vs iff can be confusing at first. Trying to understand it with normal grammar doesn’t work right. It’s a lot more helpful to grok the symbols and so the truth tables by hand to see how they fit together
Also, Not (A XOR B)