Consuming fruits, vegetables, legumes, nuts, fish and whole-fat dairy products is key to lowering the risk of cardiovascular disease, including heart attacks and strokes. The study also found that a healthy diet can be achieved in various ways, such as including moderate amounts of whole grains or unprocessed meats.

The World Health Organization estimates ~18 million people died from cardiovascular disease in 2019, representing 32% of all global deaths. Of these deaths, 85% were due to heart attacks and strokes. Population Research Health Institute researchers and their global collaborators analyzed data from 245,000 people in 80 countries from multiple studies.

    • Gaywallet (they/it)M
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      61 year ago

      While taking issue with p-values is a valid stance, the paper uses confidence intervals and bayesian methods (cubic splines) in addition to p-values, both of the proposed alternatives in the ASA’s statement that you mentioned below.

      While p-values are listed, there’s stats which fall in line with the recommendations in this very paper. If you take issue with either of these methods, could you help explain to me why you’re upset? Or is it just the fact that p-values are stated rather than focusing on the CI and bayesian results? I personally think there’s value to still showing a p-value because it makes it slightly more approachable to the non-scientific or statistical crowd, so long as it’s not used to distract from poor fit of other models.

      • stravanasu
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        31 year ago

        No, that’s my bad, thank you for correcting me! I only read the abstract, and they don’t mention Bayesian methods there. Confidence intervals suffer from similar flaws as p-values and statistical significance.

        It’s great that they do analyses with other methods too indeed. Not, from my point of view, because they’re more approachable – quite the opposite: people think in terms of probabilities-of-the-hypotheses, and p-values are not that (that’s one source of their misuse). But because it helps the transition to other methods. It’d been nice if they had stated the results from all methods in the abstract. But that’ll be for next time maybe!

        • Gaywallet (they/it)M
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          21 year ago

          Cool thanks for clarifying! While I am a data scientist I am not a stats expert so always looking to understand proper critiques from those more knowledge than me 😄

          • stravanasu
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            11 year ago

            Thank you for the correction. Don’t trust me, though: check out the proofs and discussions in the references here, see for yourself :)

    • @vin
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      41 year ago

      The statistical method is not flawed. Many scientific communities are misinterpreting or abusing it - thats the problem.

      • stravanasu
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        1 year ago

        P-values-based methods and statistical significance are flawed: even when used correctly (e.g.: stopping rule decided beforehand, various “corrections” of all kinds for number of datapoints, non-gaussianity, and so on), one can get results that are “statistically non-significant” but clearly significant in all common-sense meanings of this word; and vice-versa. There’s a constant literature – with mathematical and logical proofs – dating back from the 1940s pointing out the in-principle flaws of “statistical significance” and null-hypothesis testing. The editorial from the American Statistical Association gives an extensive list.

        I’d like to add: I’m saying this not because I read it somewhere (I don’t like unscientific “my football team is better than yours”-like discussions), but because I personally sat down and patiently went through the proofs and counterexamples, and the (almost non-existing) counter-proofs. That’s what made me change methodology. This is something that many researchers using “statistical significance” have not done.

        • @[email protected]
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          1 year ago

          This is interesting and something I’ve not heard of - can you recommend a starter link for someone with a basic stats background? I had some in undergrad, but this sounds like a topic that could get very tinfoil-hat-y if not searched correctly and with good context.

          • stravanasu
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            1 year ago

            There’s still a lot of debate around this topic. It’s obviously difficult for people who have used these methods for the past 60 years to simply say “I’ve been using a flawed method for 60 years” – although in the end that’s how science works. The problem moreover is double: the method has built-in flaws, and on top of that it’s often misused.

            Some starters:

            What’s sad is that these discussions easily end in political or “football-team”-like debates. But the mathematical and logical proofs are there, for those who care to go and read them.

        • @vin
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          11 year ago

          Ah, I thought you were talking about p-values - which is just a simple metric and gets a bad rep from being used for statistical significance. Statistical significance certainly is trash.

          • stravanasu
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            11 year ago

            Yes I’m talking about p-values. Statistical “significance” is based on p-values.