My strategy of literally ignoring collectors and sending all their calls to voicemail (for a surgery done in early 2023 in which I owed a couple thousand dollars) actually worked. I was called once a week or so for a little over a year and I haven’t been contacted since June 2024.

I believe I was dinged on my credit score but the penalty was low single-digits, and it didn’t affect my eligibility to buy a house. Your mileage will vary, and I definitely can’t in good conscience recommend this as your first resort. Talk to a professional about risks and benefits of not paying certain debts if you can’t or don’t want to pay; some debts are not optional. But yeah, some are.