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Not as a title, but if i recall correctly, the first first article of the old constitution states that the Syrian Arab Republic is a Democracy. Also for what it’s worth, the Baath party was also officially “socialist”.
The lack of a monarchy isn’t enough to qualify as a republic, the people need to also hold some sort of power.
Being a republic has nothing to do with whether ordinary people hold power. For example in Plato’s Republic, power was exclusively held by philosophers because ordinary people were unwise and could not be trusted.